Toxicology
Frontage’s toxicology business unit provides an array of services for investigational purposes, or IND, support. Typically, GLP toxicology, GLP toxicity studies, and pivotal toxicity studies are performed in two species for durations of 14 or 28 days, and often include translational biomarkers or investigational endpoints that assist with compound development. Toxicity studies are complemented by safety pharmacology studies, commonly conducted simultaneously to expedite development. All standard dosing regimens and species are supported, including primates, and our GLP tox studies are conducted in strict compliance with GLP regulations. Our GLP toxicology studies have supported hundreds of successful client IND submissions.
Pivotal Toxicology
You will find Frontage is outstanding at performing pivotal biosciences research. We offer pivotal toxicology studies for safety toxicity and toxicity evaluation of candidate compounds. Our toxicological studies are conducted on a variety of animal models, ranging from IND-enabling to smaller tox studies, and provide a basis for identifying hazards and conducting safety assessments that support IND filing and support use in humans. Our IND-enabling toxicology is performed by experienced scientists who can recommend appropriate study parameters and protocol elements, enabling the collection of a robust and comprehensive data package for IND submission. We offer comprehensive expertise to execute your IND study needs with services optimized to meet the most aggressive execution timelines.
Non–Rodent Toxicology Services
General Toxicology
- Acute to chronic studies (Single dose to 1 year)
- Dermal studies
Routes of Administration
- Oral
- Gavage
- Capsules, tablets, pills
- Intravenous
- Bolus injection
- Infusion
- Subcutaneous injection
- Intramuscular injection
- Intraperitoneal injection
- Dermal application
- Intranasal
ADME
- Pharmacokinetic studies
- Excretion mass balance
- Tissue distribution
Rodent Toxicology Services
General Toxicology
- Acute to chronic toxicology studies
Routes of Administration
- Oral Gavage
- Dietary admixture
- Intravenous
- Bolus injection
- Infusion
- Subcutaneous injection
- Intramuscular injection
- Dermal application
- Intraperitoneal injection
ADME
- Pharmacokinetic studies
- Excretion mass balance
- Tissue distribution
Safety Pharmacology Services
- Core services
- Respiratory function
- CNS
- Motor activity
- FOB
- Supplemental studies
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Renal function